Protection against drones

The security of the world’s airports, power plants, military complexes, but also data centers and elements of critical infrastructure is rapidly decreasing with the onset of the fourth industrial revolution and drones as part of it. The number of incidents where drones have threatened the safety of property and people is increasing.

The availability of commercial UAVs in all corners of the world is increasing exponentially. Drones are no longer exclusively military equipment, but consumer goods that can be bought without much effort and money on the Internet. With 20% year-on-year growth, it is one of the fastest growing markets today. Legal systems do not have time to flexibly adapt to the pace of progress in this area. Regulation is absent, or lags behind, and today anyone can get a drone, regardless of experience or the purpose of its use. Thanks to their practical and constantly improving properties, drones find application in several sectors of the service sector and military conflicts.

 

But like any new technology, drones can be misused. The security of the world’s airports, power plants, military complexes, but also data centers and elements of critical infrastructure is rapidly decreasing with the onset of the fourth industrial revolution and drones as part of it. The number of incidents where drones have threatened the safety of property and people is increasing. It’s only a matter of time before user carelessness or criminal sophistication causes more serious damage. Effective protection against UAV intruders consists of multiple layers of diverse technologies. In principle, the equation applies: the more layers, the more reliable the protection. Drones are detected by radio frequency scanners, radars, cameras and acoustic sensors. The neutralization of unmanned vehicles is made possible by the deployment of signal jammers, net throwers, tools for taking over control of drones, GNSS spoofers and laser weapons.

COMPLEX PROTECTION AGAINST UAV

RF sensor

The radio frequency scanner constantly analyzes wide frequency bands, classifies and decodes signals and thus provides early warnings, often before the drone even takes off.

  • basic and most affordable form of UAV detection
  • suitable for commercial drones
  • passive form of detection (does not emit a signal)
  • omnidirectional/directional, fixed installation/mobile deployment

Radar

A more compact version of the traditional radar developed specifically for UAV detection. The micro-Doppler function provides confirmation that the object is equipped with rotating propellers and at the same time allows the detection of hovering drones. This classification ensures that they are correctly distinguished from other moving objects, thus reducing the false alarm rate.

  • capable of detecting unmanned vehicles not emitting a signal
  • 2D radar provides information about the position of the UAV
  • The 3D radar also evaluates information about the height of the unmanned vehicle
  • active signal spreader

Optical sensor (EO/IR)

The complementary use of camera systems and their integration into the solution complements radio detection and provides live video recording in the event of a threat. Using artificial intelligence and neural networks, the software processes live video and instantly distinguishes drones from other moving objects.

  • the basis is software (video analytics) or artificial intelligence
  • The PTZ variant is capable of tracking an unmanned vehicle
  • provides visual confirmation of the UAV threat
  • obtains valuable information about the UAV payload

Acoustic sensor

Acoustic sensors are able to detect drones based on the sound tracks of their propellers, even if they are invisible to radar or lack radio frequency communication. By reducing and filtering unwanted noise from the area of ​​interest, acoustic sensors achieve better range and clearer sound compared to conventional systems.

  • one device can detect the direction and altitude of the UAV, several devices can also detect its position
  • direct visual contact is not necessary
  • unsuitable for RF noisy environments
  • one sensor only detects the presence, not the actual position of the UAV in the perimeter

Signal jammers

Jammers will make it impossible for the drone to receive a signal. A drone isolated from the transmitter and satellite signal will either stop in place or return to the take-off point, depending on its safety protocols. Against drones, it is possible to use either omnidirectional jammers, which interrupt the communication of all nearby devices using target frequencies, or directional jammers, which disrupt the connection of devices only in the direction of aiming. Both types of jammers can be customized – set which frequencies are to be interrupted and which, on the contrary, are to remain usable.

  • basic form of neutralization of unmanned vehicles
  • highly effective defense against commercial UAVs and drone swarms
  • quick deployment and immediate effectiveness
  • it will not stop UAVs operating on channels other than pre-configured ones

Net thrower

Although the use of jammers will interrupt the communication between the pilot and his drone and thus make it impossible to control the unmanned aircraft, its landing is a matter of configuring the internal parameters of the device and the software from the manufacturer. Thus, the drone can either immediately begin to descend to the ground, return to the take-off point, or remain floating uncontrollably in the air until the moment when its battery runs out. The minimization of this risk and the controlled contact of the UAV with the ground are ensured by net throwers.

  • the pneumatic ejector fires a projectile that expands onto the net before contact
  • effective equally against UAVs controlled by an operator signal and drones operated without a signal
  • the nets can be equipped with a parachute to ensure a safe landing of the caught UAV

Taking control

A solution capable of detecting, identifying, locating and taking control of unmanned vehicles. The detection capability of this all-in-one solution works on the principle of passively scanning the surrounding frequencies and decoding the communication protocols between the controllers and the drones themselves. Breaking these communication protocols and sending a short signal on targeted frequencies will make it impossible for the operator to continue controlling the UAV, without disturbing friendly devices in the area. The system allows you to force the UAV to land at a pre-defined location along a pre-defined path, send the UAV back to the take-off location, land immediately or remain hovering in the air.

  • works on the principle of manipulating the UAV communication protocol
  • directional/omnidirectional antenna, fixed installation/mobile deployment
  • in addition to UAV detection, it also identifies and locates the UAV
  • unlike a signal jammer, it will not disable all devices in the area operating on the targeted frequencies

Spoofer

A method of manipulating GNSS by sending fake signals that the UAV recognizes as legitimate, immediately effective against any UAVs using GNSS, the downside is compromising GNSS in the area.

  • saturation of the area of ​​interest with false GNSS signals
  • effective against drone swarms, GPS guided drones, 4G/5G drones
  • several modes of operation: “hold” / “push back” / NFZ
  • omnidirectional/directional, fixed installation/mobile deployment

Laser cannon

High-energy laser systems represent the most technologically sophisticated way of completely neutralizing an intruder UAV in a hard kill style. In the first step, multispectral sensors detect a potential threat. After the operator evaluates the situation and confirms that it is an enemy drone, a concentrated beam of energy shoots down the unmanned vehicle.

  • it is based on a solution to destroy enemy ballistic missiles
  • effective against all types of UAVs
  • a versatile system that can be used not only against UAVs but also as a defense system for shooting down missiles
  • reaction time may be insufficient in case of drone swarm attacks

Integration – the interconnection of suitable technologies creates a complex system of protection against unmanned vehicles tailored to specific requirements.

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